Does each leaf contain 9-15 leaf BLADES; are the twigs covered with bumps? 

CLUE: this tree is native to the Southwest. 

It is a New Mexican locust.

Yes
- OR -

Does each leaf contain 13-21 leaf BLADES; are the twigs covered with sticky bumps? 

CLUE: this tree is not native to the western U.S. 

It is an Idaho flowering locust.

Yes